What is health literacy and how can CHWs support it?

• A. An outdated concept with no impact on care.
• B. The ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information; CHWs can use plain language, visuals, teach-back, and confirm understanding.
• C. Health literacy relates only to the complexity of medical terminology used by clinicians.
• D. Health literacy is solely determined by a patient's educational level.

Answer: (B)

Health literacy is the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. It matters because people with limited health literacy may struggle to follow instructions, navigate care, or manage conditions, which can affect outcomes.

CHWs support health literacy by communicating in plain language—avoiding medical jargon, using short sentences, and repeating key points. They use visuals or simple diagrams to illustrate concepts and medications, tests, or care steps. The teach-back method is a powerful tool: after explaining something, the CHW asks the person to restate it in their own words to confirm understanding. If gaps appear, the information is rephrased and clarified until it makes sense.

Other helpful approaches include tailoring materials to language and cultural context, providing information in small, manageable chunks, checking for numeracy and literacy levels, offering opportunities to ask questions, and confirming that the person feels confident in applying the information. CHWs also connect individuals with appropriate resources and follow up to reinforce learning, all while meeting them where they are and building trust.